Male Pattern Hair Loss

What is male pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia) or balding?
Male pattern balding is hair loss resulting in thinning or alopecia. Hair
loss related to androgens (hormones) or genetics is called
androgenetic alopecia. Male pattern balding is characterized by a
receding hairline and/or hair loss on the top or crown of the head.
Balding occurs in both men and women but is more severe in men.

An enormous amount of research had been performed in the area of
male pattern balding as well as female balding. Why? First, balding
makes both men and women look older than their actual age, and self-
conscious of their appearance.

Causes

Dihydrotestosterone or DHT, is believed to cause the hair growth
cycle to shorten, causing finer hair and hair loss. The production of
DHT can be regulated by 5-alpha reductase, and enzyme.

Hair Growth Cycle

All men and women lose hair during spring and fall. So finding a little
extra hair in your hair brush during the changing seasons does not
mean you are going bald! Hair follicles are replaced at different rates
and growth alternates between rest and activity, similar to the rest of
the body. The hair growth period, or anagen phase, lasts anywhere
from two years to six years. During this time, the follicle is long and
deep, and produces thick, well-pigmented hair. Around 90% of scalp
hair are in the anagen phase and the follicles are long and deep,
producing thick colorful hair.

The next phase, the catagen phase, which lasts only a few weeks. It is
during this phase that the base of the follicle shrivels. During the
resting phase, telogen phase, the follicle continues to wither, this lasts
anywhere from two to four months. Then the cycle begins over, but
the older hair falls out to make room for new hair growth.

5-Alpha Reductase and DHT

DHT is regulated by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. Like any other
enzyme, 5-alpha reductase is a protein that acts as a catalyst to
speed up a chemical reaction. 5-alpha reductase can be inhibited by
specially synthesized drugs.

Incidence

Approximately 50% of men at some point in their lives will experience
male pattern hair loss or balding. While it affects different racial
groups at different rates, it is generally due to genetics. Up to 50% of
male Caucasians will experience some degree of hair loss by age 50,
while other racial groups are far less affected.

Treatments

    1) Hair replacement / transplantation
    2) Cosmetics and over the counter treatments
    3) Hairpieces
    4) Minoxidil solution
    5) Finasteride tablets (type II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor).
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